Thursday, January 15, 2009

Team IP/G

A recent comment over at Brew Crew Ball inspired this post. The writer suggested projections for Brewers pitchers should add up to 1458 innings as a team. That, of course, would be the total of 162 games with nine innings pitched by the team. Yours truly replied with an awkward sounding suggestion that road losses requiring only eight innings pitched were to blame for the projections falling a little short. I figured that most teams finished below 1458 innings pitched and indeed only three teams (the Mets, Padres, and Twins) reached that number in 2008. I also wondered about the record for the highest (and lowest) average team innings pitched per game. Placing high on the list would seem to require winning often on the road and/or playing a lot of extra inning games. Likewise, showing up near to bottom would require losing a lot away from home and/or weather-shortened games.

I started by grabbing yearly pitching totals for each franchise from the franchise encyclopedia section of Baseball-Reference.com (a sample). Unfortunately those pages don't include thirds of an inning, but that won't change the results much anyway. In case of ties, though, I've gone and checked the relevant team pages. After getting all those numbers, it's easy to sort by innings pitched per game.

The bottom of the list is dominated by teams from the 19th and early 20th centuries. A simple reason for this games shorted because of darkness. Fields also weren't engineered as well as they are today, meaning inclement weather could shut games down much more quickly.

The two major league teams that averaged the fewest innings pitched per game folded shortly after beginning play. The 1884 St. Paul White Caps and 1884 Wilmington Quicksteps, both members of the Union Association, averaged 7.89 IP/G. St. Paul went 2-6 while Wilmington went 2-6-1 while Wilmington went 2-16. The 1884 Richmond Virginians, part of the American Association, were third from the bottom, averaging 8.04 IP in their 46 games.

It should come as no surprise that the team with the lowest average over a full season also owns the record for most losses in a season. The 1899 Cleveland Spiders, the best 20-134 team in baseball history, averaged a merciful 8.21 innings pitched per game. Just above them were the 1890 Baltimore Orioles and five Washington teams from the 1890's.

Turning to more modern teams, here are the bottom ten since expansion in 1961:
  1. 2005 Royals, 8.72 (1413.1 IP/162 G)
  2. 1961 Athletics, 8.73 (1415.0/162)
  3. 2001 Pirates, 8.74 (1416.1/162)
  4. 1979 Blue Jays, 8.75 (1417.0/162)
  5. 1978 White Sox, 8.75 (1409.0/161)
  6. 1983 Mariners, 8.75 (1418.0/162)
  7. 2005 Rockies, 8.76 (1418.2/162)
  8. 1985 Rangers, 8.76 (1411.0/161)
  9. 2006 Orioles, 8.76 (1419.0/162)
  10. 1997 Phillies, 8.77 (1420.0/162)
    1999 Padres, 8.77 (1420.0/162)
    2003 Rockies, 8.77 (1420.0/162)
All of these teams finished with more than 90 losses except for the 1999 Padres and 2003 Rockies (88 losses each). Many of them lost over 100 games. That's a lot of eight-inning contests. Surprisingly, the 1983 Mariners actually had an ERA+ over 100.

The other extreme has a mix of different eras. The top spot is held by the 1918 Washington Senators, a team that averaged a stunning 9.45 innings pitched over their 130 games. They went 72-56-2, finishing third in the league. There must have been a lot of extra baseball in Washington that year. The 1876 Louisville Grays are second, averaging 9.32 IP/G despite giving up just under 5 runs each game. The 1876 New York Mutuals took third at 9.30 IP/G while allowing over 7 runs each day. The 1969 Twins are the highest team since expansion, throwing 1497 innings on the year, or 9.24 per game. They finished 97-65 and played eleven games that lasted 13 or more innings.

Here are the top ten averages since expansion:
  1. 1969 Twins, 9.24 (1497.0 IP/162 G)
  2. 1973 Dodgers, 9.20 (1491.0/162)
  3. 1967 White Sox, 9.20 (1490.0/162)
  4. 1988 Athletics, 9.19 (1489.0/162)
  5. 1996 Padres, 9.19 (1489.0/162)
  6. 1982 Dodgers, 9.19 (1488.0/162)
  7. 1985 Mets, 9.19 (1488.0/162)
  8. 1964 Yankees, 9.18 (1506.0/164)
  9. 1972 Padres, 9.17 (1403.0/153)
  10. 1972 Reds, 9.17 (1412.0/154)
These teams all finished with 88 or more wins, with one notable exception. The 1972 Padres managed to lose 95 games despite throwing so many innings. They were better on the road (32-41) than they were at home (26-54) but that doesn't explain it all. Another big reason they averaged so many innings was the 21 extra inning games they played. By my count, they played 62 extra frames that season. The 1972 Padres were the only team on the list with an ERA+ under 100.

Wondering about the high and low teams in 2008? It turns out three teams averaged at least nine innings pitched per game, but one of them isn't one of the teams that totaled over 1458 innings. The Mets led the majors with 1464.1 innings pitched in 162 games, or 9.04 IP/G. The Cubs were next with 1450.2 in 161 games, or 9.01 IP/G. Finally, the Padres wound up at 1458 1/3 IP, just a hair over 9.00 IP/G. The bottom three teams were the Orioles, Astros, and Diamondbacks, averaging 8.83, 8.85, and 8.86 innings per game, respectively. The major league average was 8.93 IP/G. The major league average has hovered between 8.90 and 8.93 since 2000.

Tuesday, January 13, 2009

Update: SO > TB, Minimum 200 AB

Today I'm revisiting my first real post on this blog. Back in 2007, my first topic was hitters who wound up with more strikeouts than total bases. To make sure I only got players who spent a significant time in the majors, I set the minimum to qualify for the list at 200 at bats. It turns out three players have officially joined the list since the original post.

NameYearTeamPosABAVGOBPSLGTBSOOPS+
Bill Bergen1911BROC227.132.183.1543542-4
Billy Consolo1954BOSSS242.227.324.277676959
Billy Consolo1959BOS
WSH
SS216.213.331.269585967
Ernie Fazio1963HOU2B228.184.273.281647065
Jerry Kindall1963CLE2B234.205.266.295697158
Dave Nicholson1964CHWLF294.204.329.36510712696
Chris Cannizzaro1965NYMC251.183.270.231586046
Don Zimmer1965WSAC226.199.284.252575955
Ray Oyler1966DETSS210.171.263.252536248
Jerry Zimmerman1967MINC234.167.243.192454926
Ray Oyler1968DETSS215.135.213.186405920
George Scott1968BOS1B350.171.236.237838840
Dick Tracewski1968DETSS212.156.239.236505143
Al Weis1968NYMSS274.172.234.204566332
Darrel Chaney1969CINSS209.191.278.234497542
Ray Oyler1969SEPSS255.165.260.267688049
Jim Mason1975NYYSS223.152.228.211474927
John Hale1978SEARF211.171.283.265566456
Leroy Stanton1978SEALF302.182.265.248758047
Bobby Bonds1980STLLF231.203.305.316737472
Tom Donohue1980CALC218.188.216.243536327
Reggie Jackson1983CALRF397.194.290.34013514074
Gary Pettis1987CALCF394.208.302.25910212453
Jody Davis1989ATLC231.169.246.242566139
John Shelby1989LADCF345.183.237.229799236
Jeff Kunkel1990TEXSS200.170.221.280566640
Rob Deer1991DETRF448.179.314.38617317592
Hensley Meulens1991NYYLF288.222.276.319929765
Gary Pettis1991TEXCF282.216.341.277789175
Andujar Cedeno1992HOUSS220.173.232.277617147
Jack Clark1992BOSDH257.210.350.311808782
Billy Ashley1995LADLF215.237.320.372808890
Benji Gil1995TEXSS415.219.266.34714414760
Kimera Bartee1996DETCF217.253.308.304667757
Archi Cianfrocco1997SDP1B220.245.328.355788085
Mark Johnson1997PIT1B219.215.345.315697873
Ryan McGuire1998MON1B210.186.292.243515546
Greg Vaughn2002TBDLF251.163.286.315798260
Mark Bellhorn2005BOS
NYY
2B300.210.324.35710711281
Mark Bellhorn2006SDP3B253.190.285.344879066
Ryan Langerhans2007ATL
OAK
WSN
OF210.167.272.305648153
Andruw Jones2008LADCF209.158.256.249527634
Tony Pena Jr.2008KCRSS225.169.189.20947497
NameYearTeamPosABAVGOBPSLGTBSOOPS+

I think it's cool that Pena became only the second player with an OPS+ of under 10 to show up. In fact, he is the first player since Bill Bergen a century ago to have an OPS+ that low under in 200+ at bats.

In addition to Langerhans, Jones, and Pena, Jeff Mathis of the Angels deserves a mention. In 2008 he came to bat 283 times and wound up with 90 total bases. He also struck out 90 times. Darrel Chaney in 1973 was the last player to have equal strikeouts and total bases in 200 or more at bats.

I wonder which hitters will linger long enough in the big leagues next year to make the list. I guess we'll see...

Sunday, January 11, 2009

Completing Every Start

Have you ever seen something online, decided to pursue more information on the topic, and realize an hour later that you've wandered into topics far from the original? I had such an experience last night and it resulted in my finding the BR Bullpen page of turn-of-the-century hurler Kid Nichols. Nichols is deservedly a Hall of Famer and I was struck by this quote on the page:
"(He) took pride in two things - his election to (the Hall of Fame), and the fact he was never removed from a game for a relief hurler." - from the New York Times obituary of Kid Nichols
If you look at his career stats, you can see he started 561 games and completed 531 of them. That means he went the distance in nearly 95% of his starts. That's a stunning number, even for those days. Among pitchers who started at least 400 games (~10 seasons), only Will White, Charley Radbourn, Jim McCormick, and Mickey Welch completed a higher percentage of their starts.

You might be saying that it's all well and good Nichols was a durable pitcher, but the quote is wrong. He had thirty starts that he didn't finish, so obviously relievers were used. I wonder how many of those thirty starts were ended by pinch hitters sent up to bat for him (he was no great shakes with the bat). You could argue that situation isn't being removed for a relief pitcher. Also, if he only came out of games between innings, he was never relieved while on the mound. Either way, I'm willing to give a guy who completed 95% of his starts the benefit of the doubt.

That quote also made me wonder about pitchers who did complete every single game they started. It turns out twenty pitchers, all from 1901 or before, started ten or more games in their career and completed every one.

Sunday, January 4, 2009

A Errors by Position

It's been a while since I've done one of these posts. I've already done similar posts for the three higher levels of minor league baseball: AAA errors by position, AA errors by position posts, and A+ errors by position. Today I'm moving on to A ball, to be followed soon by Low A and Rookie level posts.


A Pitchers

A Pitchers Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.
TC
EFPct.
Scott Moviel
Savannah
NYM
40
11
.725
Matthew Mitchell
Burlington
KCR
28
7
.750
Luis Montano
Dayton
CIN
27
7
.741
Luis Noel
DelmarvaBAL
34
6
.824
Esmerlin Jimenez
Cedar Rapids
LAA
32
6
.813
Rafael de los Santos
HickoryPIT
24
6
.750
Zachary Britton
Delmarva
BAL
67
5
.925
Jamie Richmond
Kane County
OAK
40
5
.875
Chuckie Fick
Quad Cities
STL
32
5
.844
Santos Arias
Beloit
MIN
25
5
.800
Ryan Miller
Lake County
CLE
20
5
.750
Mike Koons
Lexington
HOU
16
5
.688
Daniel Merklinger
West Virginia
MIL
16
5
.688
Brant Rustich
Savannah
NYM
9
5
.444

A Pitchers Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 20 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.
TCEFPct.
Scott Moviel
Savannah
NYM
40
11
.728
Luis Montano
Dayton
CIN
27
7
.741
Matthew Mitchell
Burlington
KCR
28
7
.750
Rafael de los Santos
Hickory
PIT
24
6
.750
Ryan Miller
Lake County
CLE
20
5
.750
Santos Arias
BeloitMIN
25
5
.800
Leonardo Espinal
Kane County
OAK
20
4
.800
Ryan Tatusko
ClintonTEX
20
4
.800
Esmerlin Jimenez
Cedar Rapids
LAA
32
6
.813
Andrew Hess
West Michigan
DET
22
4
.818
Jordan Norberto
South Bend
ARI
22
4
.818
MWL Pitchers

3814301.921
SAL Pitchers

4349
317
.927
A Pitchers

8163
618.924

Normally I would've cut off the first list after the guys with six errors. This time, however, I wanted to include Brant Rustich's numbers. The Mets righty pitched 49 2/3 innings for Savannah and only accepted nine chances in the field. More than half of those chances wound up being errors. Ouch.


A Catchers

A Catchers Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Gregory Yersich
Beloit
MIN
525
15.971
Kenley Jansen
Great Lakes
LAD
708
14
.980
Jose Felix
Clinton
TEX
713
12.983
Eric Fryer
West Virginia
MIL
319
12.962
Michael McCormick
ColumbusTBR
722
11
.985
Carlos Dominguez
ClintonTEX
432
11
.975
Jameson Smith
Greensboro
FLA
292
11
.962
Ryan Eigsti
Burlington
KCR
899
10
.989
Jonathan Fixler
LexingtonHOU
551
10
.982
Matthew Inouye
Kannapolis
CHW
465
10
.978

A Catchers Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 400 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.
TCEFPct.
Gregory Yersich
Beloit
MIN
525
15.971
Carlos Dominguez
ClintonTEX
432
11
.975
Matthew Inouye
Kannapolis
CHW
465
10
.978
Kenley Jansen
Great Lakes
LAD
708
14
.980
Josh Donaldson
PeoriaCHC
426
8
.981
Anel de los Santos
Cedar Rapids
LAA
490
9
.982
Jonathan Fixler
LexingtonHOU
551
10
.982
Jose Felix
ClintonTEX
713
12
.983
Travis Reagan
Hagerstown
WSN
476
8
.983
Michael McCormick
ColumbusTBR
722
11
.985
Devin Mesoraco
Dayton
CIN
593
9
.985
MWL Catchers

16673221.987
SAL Catchers

18734
227
.988
A Catchers

35407
448
.987

Yersich is the first error leader at catcher who isn't near the top of his level in innings caught. In fact, his 483 1/3 innings caught was just over half Ryan Eigsti's level-leading 894 2/3 innings. Thanks to his middle-of-the-road workload, Yersich wound up in the top slot of the second table as well. Curiously, A ball catchers combined for the same number of errors as their counterparts in High A ball.

A First Basemen

A 1B Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Jeffrey Cunningham
Asheville
COL
942
17
.982
Angel Villalona
Augusta
SFG
970
15
.985
Frederick Freeman
Rome
ATL
1132
14.988
Michael Durant
LakewoodPHI
619
14.977
Felix Carrasco
Fort Wayne
SDP
885
13
.985
Chance Wheeless
South Bend
ARI
725
13
.982
Michael Jones
GreenvilleBOS
639
13
.980
Greg Dowling
Kane County
OAK
1163
12
.990
Anthony Martinez
Delmarva
BAL
959
12
.987
3 tied with



10


A 1B Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 500 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.
TCEFPct.
Michael Durant
Lakewood
PHI
619
14
.977
Michael Jones
Greenville
BOS
639
13
.980
Manuel Rodriguez
Lansing
TOR
530
10
.981
Jeffrey Cunningham
AshevilleCOL
942
17
.982
Chance Wheeless
South Bend
ARI
725
13
.982
Angel Villalona
Augusta
SFG
970
15
.985
Jovan Rosa
PeoriaCHC
531
8
.985
Jaime Ortiz
Great Lakes
LAD
676
10
.985
Felix Carrasco
Fort Wayne
SDP
885
13
.985
Christopher Carlson
West Michigan
DET
698
10
.986
MWL 1B

18049221
.988
SAL 1B

21306235
.989
A 1B

39355456
.988

Cunningham led the level in errors while placing fifth in innings played. Eric Taylor, Greg Dowling, and Frederick Freeman were the only three A ball first basemen to reach 1000 innings played. Collectively, A ball first basemen had only ten more fielding chances than their High A ball brethren.

A Second Basemen

A 2B Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Ryan Adams
Delmarva
BAL
485
46
.905
Derrick Mitchell
Lakewood
PHI
527
33
.937
Justin Snyder
Charleston
NYY
634
25
.961
John Tolisano
Lansing
TOR
518
25
.952
Kevyn Feiner
Dayton
CIN
323
20
.938
Justin Henry
West Michigan
DET
564
19
.966
Nick Noonan
Augusta
SFG
572
18.969
Greg Veloz
Savannah
NYM
513
18.965
Eric Farris
West Virginia
MIL
459
18
.961
Matthew Lawson
Clinton
TEX
438
17
.961
Everth Cabrera
Asheville
COL
416
17
.959

A 2B Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 250 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Ryan Adams
DelmarvaBAL485
46
.905
Derrick Mitchell
LakewoodPHI
527
33
.937
Kevyn Feiner
Dayton
CIN323
20
.938
Craig Corrado
LexingtonHOU
304
16
.947
John Tolisano
Lansing
TOR
518
25
.952
Karexon Sanchez
Lake County
CLE
325
15
.954
Johnny Giavotella
BurlingtonKCR
290
13
.955
Everth Cabrera
AshevilleCOL
416
17
.959
Justin Snyder
CharlestonNYY
634
25
.961
Eric Farris
West Virginia
MIL
459
18
.961
MWL 2B

9309
323.965
SAL 2B

10695
414
.961
A 2B

20004
737
.963

Adams barely edges out Rangers High A shortstop Marcus Lemon for the honor of the most errors committed at one position in the minors (so far). It's unsurprising that he had the worst fielding percentage among qualifiers at his position. Overall, fielding at second takes a hit when going below High A: A ball second sackers committed 170 more errors in a little over 400 fewer chances.


A Third Basemen

A 3B Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Jonathan Greene
ClintonTEX
349
31
.911
Bobby Henson
DelmarvaBAL
350
29
.917
Justin Baum
Fort Wayne
SDP
27229
.893
Kevin Ahrens
Lansing
TOR
286
27
.906
Travis Mattair
LakewoodPHI
356
26.927
Domnit Bolivar
Quad Cities
STL
197
23
.883
Jovan Rosa
PeoriaCHC
189
21
.889
Gregory Sexton
ColumbusTBR
336
20
.940
Jay Brossman
Cedar Rapids
LAA
262
19
.927
3 tied with



18

A 3B Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 125 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Domnit Bolivar
Quad Cities
STL197
23
.883
Jovan Rosa
PeoriaCHC189
21
.889
Matthew Hague
Hickory
PIT128
14
.891
Justin Baum
Fort Wayne
SDP272
29
.893
Samuel Sime
Rome
ATL149
15
.899
Robert Spain
Hickory
PIT
161
16
.901
Jason Taylor
Burlington
KCR136
13
.904
Kevin Ahrens
LansingTOR
286
27
.906
Jonathan Greene
ClintonTEX349
31
.911
Ron Bourquin
West Michigan
DET
166
14
.916
MWL 3B

5391
441
.918
SAL 3B

6025
475
.921
A 3B

11416
916
.920

The top error totals at third base are relatively modest. Half of the second list is guys who couldn't crack .900 in fielding percentage, the most of any position at any level so far. Once again fielding suffered when going down a level: A ball third basemen committed 90 more errors in 139 more chances than players at the hot corner in High A. The worst fielding percentage table is littered with Midwest Leaguers, a fact reflected in the lower collective fielding percentage of that league.


A Shortstops

A SS Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Carmen Angelini
CharlestonNYY
564
42
.926
Audy Ciriaco
West Michigan
DET
510
41
.920
Charlie Culberson
Augusta
SFG
354
35
.901
Helder Velazquez
AshevilleCOL407
32
.921
Osvaldo Martinez
GreensboroFLA
36128
.922
Lance Zawadzki
Fort Wayne
SDP337
27
.920
Justin Jackson
Lansing
TOR
593
26
.956
Andrew Romine
Cedar Rapids
LAA605
25
.959
Juan Diaz
Wisconsin
SEA541
25
.954
Nathan Samson
Peoria
CHC538
25
.954
Michael Richard
Kane County
OAK
342
25
.927

A+ SS Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 250 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Charlie Culberson
AugustaSFG354
35
.901
Audy Ciriaco
West Michigan
DET510
41
.920
Lance Zawadzki
Fort Wayne
SDP337
27
.920
Helder Velazquez
Asheville
COL407
32
.921
Osvaldo Martinez
Greensboro
FLA361
28
.922
Oscar Tejeda
Greenville
BOS
290
22
.924
Carmen Angelini
Charleston
NYY564
42
.926
Michael Richard
Kane County
OAK
342
25
.927
Michael Fisher
RomeATL325
21
.935
Matthew Cline
West Virginia
MIL
313
19
.939
MWL SS


8889
483
.946
SAL SS


10279609
.941
A SS


19168
1092.943

A couple shortstops keep Ryan Adams company in the 40+ errors club. Speaking of Adams, he played seven games at short as well, committing five errors. Overall, he committed 52 errors, the most in A ball. Also related to Adams, this is the only infield position that doesn't feature a Delmarva (Baltimore) player on the boards. Starting only half his team's games prevented 19-year-old Charlie Culberson from reaching 40+ errors. Carmen Angelini, the errors leader, also led the level in innings played with 1127 2/3. Phillies prospect Freddy Galvis was right behind him at 1124 and committed half as many errors.

A Outfielders

A OF Sorted By Most Errors
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
D'Marcus Ingram
Quad Cities
STL
178
12.933
Maiko Loyola
Columbus
TBR
272
11.960
Mark Dolenc
BeloitMIN
221
11
.950
Maximo Mendez
Wisconsin
SEA
213
11
.948
Shane Keough
Kane County
OAK
131
11
.916
Austin Krum
Charleston
NYY
238
10
.958
Dominic Brown
Lakewood
PHI
230
10
.957
Moises Sierra
Lansing
TOR
223
10
.955
Ben Revere
Beloit
MIN
175
10
.943
3 tied with



9


A OF Sorted By Lowest FPct. (minimum 200 total chances)
NameTeamOrg.TCEFPct.
Maximo Mendez
WisconsinSEA
21311
.948
Mark Dolenc
Beloit
MIN
22111
.950
Moises Sierra
Lansing
TOR
223
10
.955
Dominic Brown
Lakewood
PHI
23010
.957
Austin Krum
Charleston
NYY
23810
.958
Maiko Loyola
ColumbusTBR
272
11
.960
Che-Hsuan Lin
Greenville
BOS
207
8
.961
Jason Heyward
RomeATL
2339
.961
Denis Phipps
DaytonCIN
258
9
.965
Matthew Brown
Lake County
CLE
203
7
.966
MWL OF

11259
344
.969
SAL OF

12587
382
.970
A OF

23846726
.970

Once again a dozen errors in the outfield is enough to place a player on top of the errors leaderboard. Like Carlos Peguero in High A, D'Marcus Ingram led the errors list without accepting enough total chances to appear on the fielding percentage board. Both leagues were pretty even in cumulative outfield fielding percentage.