BABIP by Season

Last Saturday I posted about players with the highest and lowest career BABIP, minimum 3000 plate appearances. A commenter asked if I had a similar list for each season and I didn't at that time. Now, however, I've put one together and posted it in Google Spreadsheet form. I used the modern formula for determining the minimum plate appearances necessary to qualify for leaderboards (3.1 PA/Team Game) and applied it to each season in baseball history going back to 1876 (though anything before 1913 is somewhat iffy in my mind) to create the list of qualifiers. Seasons before 1904 and strike/lockout years were of varying length so that's why the number of PA required early in baseball history changes so much. There also were some years in which strikeouts weren't recorded for batters, skewing each player's BABIP more. I've put those years in red text. All years before 1954 did not have sacrifice fly data recorded. The spreadsheet should be pretty easy to figure out on its own.

Rather than just post a link sending you elsewhere, I've also put together a list of the highest and lowest single-season BABIP since 1913. I know strikeouts were recorded in years prior to that season, but I'm somewhat dubious about the record-keeping in the nineteenth century. First up are the only seventeen individual seasons with a BABIP over .400:

Highest BABIP in a Single Season, Minimum 3.1 PA/G, 1913-2007

1. Babe Ruth, 1923, .423
2. George Sisler, 1922, .422
3. Rogers Hornsby, .422
4. Ty Cobb, 1922, .416
5. Ty Cobb, 1913, .415
6. Harry Heilmann, 1923, .414
7. Rogers Hornsby, 1921, .409
8. Rod Carew, 1977, .408
9. Jose Hernandez, 2002, .404
10. Manny Ramirez, 2000, .403
11. Roberto Clemente, 1967, .403
12. George Sisler, 1920, .401
13. Ty Cobb, 1917, .401
14. Bill Terry, 1930, .400
15. Luke Appling, 1936, .400
16. Ty Cobb, 1917, .400
17. Benny Kauff, 1914, .400

There are some pretty good names on that list. Jose Hernandez is kind of a weird guy to show up on a list of pretty good hitters. I'm also not familiar with Benny Kauff, but he pretty much dominated the Federal League. So help me, I'm a sucker for mediocrity in baseball, so I find the next list more interesting.

Lowest BABIP in a Single Season, Minimum 3.1 PA/G, 1913-2007

1. Curt Blefary, 1968, .198
2. Ted Simmons, 1981, .200
3. Brooks Robinson, 1975, .204
4. Dave Kingman, 1986, .204
5. Roy Cullenbine, 1947, .206
6. Dick McAuliffe, 1971, .206
7. Dave Kingman, 1982, .207
8. Jim King, 1963, .208
9. Roger Maris, 1961, .209
10. Darrell Evans, 1988, .212
11. Ed Brinkman, 1972, .212
12. Gene Tenace, 1974, .213
13. Art Scharein, 1933, .213
14. Willie "Puddin' Head" Jones, 1953, .213
15. Carlton Fisk, 1985, .213
16. Don Wert, 1968, .213
17. Mark McGwire, 1989, .214
18. Mark McGwire, 1991, .214
19. Del Crandall, 1955, .214
20. Tony Armas, 1983, .214

The coolest name on this list, to me, is the guy in the #9 slot. While he was breaking Babe Ruth's single-season home run record, Roger Maris didn't have very many hits falling in on the field of play. There are some other famous names on the list though most of them aren't really remembered as great hitters. I do like Willie Jones's nickname and the fact that Curt Blefary spent time as a catcher in 1968 despite very limited experience in the minors at the position in an effort to stay in the lineup.

Extreme Career BABIP

If you're unfamiliar with the acronym in the post title, it stands for Batting Average on Balls In Play. Basically it can be used to judge how lucky or unlucky a particular hitter or pitcher has been. You can read a very good overview of BABIP here, but suffice it to say that guys who hit a lot of line drives will have a higher BABIP and those who hit a lot of fly balls and pop ups will have a lower BABIP.

Now, I don't have information on batted-ball types for years and years of baseball history, so I can't speculate why some guys in the past have high or low BABIP's, but I'd guess it follows the same principle. The actual formula for BABIP looks like this,

,

but strikeouts have only been consistently recorded by all major leagues since 1913. Sacrifice flies have only been recorded by both leagues since 1954. Since there are a lot more strikeouts than sacrifice flies, I've looked at the numbers recorded after 1913. I don't believe sacrifice flies would make a big difference for players caught in the period 1913-1953, but consider this a disclaimer.

Here is a chart of BABIP in the majors since 1913. The vertical line midway through is the year SF's were first recorded.


(click to enlarge in new window)

With all of that in mind, I want to look at the guys who posted the highest and lowest career BABIP, just for kicks. I'm going to use a standard minimum for leaderboards: 3000 career plate appearances (after 1913; any stats from earlier are thrown out). I haven't included any 2008 numbers. I'm also going to list each player's BABIP out to four decimal places just to try and avoid ties due to rounding. Finally, I haven't adjusted any of the numbers to reflect league averages for each player's era so guys from the 1960's, especially from the AL, are at a disadvantage.

Highest Career BABIP, Minimum 3000 PA, 1913-2007

1. Ty Cobb, .3785
2. Rogers Hornsby, .3655
3. Derek Jeter, .3613
4. Rod Carew, .3585
5. Ichiro Suzuki, .3572
6. Miguel Cabrera, .3538
7. Harry Heilmann, .3511
   
8. Joe Jackson, .3507
9. Tris Speaker, .3503
   
10. Bill Terry, .3500
11. Bobby Abreu, .3489
12. Ron LeFlore, .3466
13. Riggs Stephenson, .3459
14. George Sisler, .3458
15. Kiki Cuyler, .3456
16. Ross Youngs, .3454
17. Wade Boggs, .3438
18. Roberto Clemente, .3429
19. Kirby Puckett, .3421
20. Tony Gwynn, .3414

Ty Cobb, Joe Jackson, and Tris Speaker all played before 1913, but like I said, I threw out their stats before that season. This bumped Cobb's BABIP up and Jackson and Speaker's down. There are an awful lot of good hitters on this list, but that's to be expected. Ron LeFlore had the lowest OBP of everyone on that list at a respectable .342.

Lowest Career BABIP, Minimum 3000 PA, 1913-2007

1. Wayne Gross, .2393
2. Dave Duncan, .2400
3. Jim King, .2403
4. Curt Blefary, .2430
5. Buck Martinez, .2434
6. Graig Nettles, .2454
7. Ossie Vitt, .2455
8. Eddie Miller, .2457
9. Bob Swift, .2481
10. Ed Herrmann, .2483
11. Del Crandall, .2486
12. Bobby Wine, .2489
13. Eddie Lake, .2496
14. Joe Pepitone, .2498
15. Darrell Evans, .2499
16. Ed Brinkman, .2500
17. Ron Hansen, .2501
18. Gorman Thomas, .2507
19. Clay Dalrymple, .2509
20. Gus Triandos, .2510

On this list, Ossie Vitt is the only player who had time in the majors before 1913 but over 3000 career PA after the start of the 1913 season. Graig Nettles and Darrell Evans both had over 2000 career hits. Granted they played in the 1970's and 1980's when league average BABIP's weren't very high but I wonder how many hits they would've had if they had upped their number to even .275 or so. Well, maybe it's possible to figure it out. Using the denominator of the BABIP formula, we can find out how many plate appearances resulted in a ball in play. For Evans, he had 7239 such PA and 1809 of them resulted in hits. If we bump up his BABIP to .275, which would still be below league average for his career but not as much, he winds up with 1991 hits in those plate appearances, or a new overall total of 2405. If we do the same for Nettles, raising his career BABIP to .275 as well, he would wind up at 2446 career hits. Of course this is all hypothetical and just for fun but what would baseball be without having fun with numbers?