Showing posts with label Games. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Games. Show all posts

Thursday, January 15, 2009

Team IP/G

A recent comment over at Brew Crew Ball inspired this post. The writer suggested projections for Brewers pitchers should add up to 1458 innings as a team. That, of course, would be the total of 162 games with nine innings pitched by the team. Yours truly replied with an awkward sounding suggestion that road losses requiring only eight innings pitched were to blame for the projections falling a little short. I figured that most teams finished below 1458 innings pitched and indeed only three teams (the Mets, Padres, and Twins) reached that number in 2008. I also wondered about the record for the highest (and lowest) average team innings pitched per game. Placing high on the list would seem to require winning often on the road and/or playing a lot of extra inning games. Likewise, showing up near to bottom would require losing a lot away from home and/or weather-shortened games.

I started by grabbing yearly pitching totals for each franchise from the franchise encyclopedia section of Baseball-Reference.com (a sample). Unfortunately those pages don't include thirds of an inning, but that won't change the results much anyway. In case of ties, though, I've gone and checked the relevant team pages. After getting all those numbers, it's easy to sort by innings pitched per game.

The bottom of the list is dominated by teams from the 19th and early 20th centuries. A simple reason for this games shorted because of darkness. Fields also weren't engineered as well as they are today, meaning inclement weather could shut games down much more quickly.

The two major league teams that averaged the fewest innings pitched per game folded shortly after beginning play. The 1884 St. Paul White Caps and 1884 Wilmington Quicksteps, both members of the Union Association, averaged 7.89 IP/G. St. Paul went 2-6 while Wilmington went 2-6-1 while Wilmington went 2-16. The 1884 Richmond Virginians, part of the American Association, were third from the bottom, averaging 8.04 IP in their 46 games.

It should come as no surprise that the team with the lowest average over a full season also owns the record for most losses in a season. The 1899 Cleveland Spiders, the best 20-134 team in baseball history, averaged a merciful 8.21 innings pitched per game. Just above them were the 1890 Baltimore Orioles and five Washington teams from the 1890's.

Turning to more modern teams, here are the bottom ten since expansion in 1961:
  1. 2005 Royals, 8.72 (1413.1 IP/162 G)
  2. 1961 Athletics, 8.73 (1415.0/162)
  3. 2001 Pirates, 8.74 (1416.1/162)
  4. 1979 Blue Jays, 8.75 (1417.0/162)
  5. 1978 White Sox, 8.75 (1409.0/161)
  6. 1983 Mariners, 8.75 (1418.0/162)
  7. 2005 Rockies, 8.76 (1418.2/162)
  8. 1985 Rangers, 8.76 (1411.0/161)
  9. 2006 Orioles, 8.76 (1419.0/162)
  10. 1997 Phillies, 8.77 (1420.0/162)
    1999 Padres, 8.77 (1420.0/162)
    2003 Rockies, 8.77 (1420.0/162)
All of these teams finished with more than 90 losses except for the 1999 Padres and 2003 Rockies (88 losses each). Many of them lost over 100 games. That's a lot of eight-inning contests. Surprisingly, the 1983 Mariners actually had an ERA+ over 100.

The other extreme has a mix of different eras. The top spot is held by the 1918 Washington Senators, a team that averaged a stunning 9.45 innings pitched over their 130 games. They went 72-56-2, finishing third in the league. There must have been a lot of extra baseball in Washington that year. The 1876 Louisville Grays are second, averaging 9.32 IP/G despite giving up just under 5 runs each game. The 1876 New York Mutuals took third at 9.30 IP/G while allowing over 7 runs each day. The 1969 Twins are the highest team since expansion, throwing 1497 innings on the year, or 9.24 per game. They finished 97-65 and played eleven games that lasted 13 or more innings.

Here are the top ten averages since expansion:
  1. 1969 Twins, 9.24 (1497.0 IP/162 G)
  2. 1973 Dodgers, 9.20 (1491.0/162)
  3. 1967 White Sox, 9.20 (1490.0/162)
  4. 1988 Athletics, 9.19 (1489.0/162)
  5. 1996 Padres, 9.19 (1489.0/162)
  6. 1982 Dodgers, 9.19 (1488.0/162)
  7. 1985 Mets, 9.19 (1488.0/162)
  8. 1964 Yankees, 9.18 (1506.0/164)
  9. 1972 Padres, 9.17 (1403.0/153)
  10. 1972 Reds, 9.17 (1412.0/154)
These teams all finished with 88 or more wins, with one notable exception. The 1972 Padres managed to lose 95 games despite throwing so many innings. They were better on the road (32-41) than they were at home (26-54) but that doesn't explain it all. Another big reason they averaged so many innings was the 21 extra inning games they played. By my count, they played 62 extra frames that season. The 1972 Padres were the only team on the list with an ERA+ under 100.

Wondering about the high and low teams in 2008? It turns out three teams averaged at least nine innings pitched per game, but one of them isn't one of the teams that totaled over 1458 innings. The Mets led the majors with 1464.1 innings pitched in 162 games, or 9.04 IP/G. The Cubs were next with 1450.2 in 161 games, or 9.01 IP/G. Finally, the Padres wound up at 1458 1/3 IP, just a hair over 9.00 IP/G. The bottom three teams were the Orioles, Astros, and Diamondbacks, averaging 8.83, 8.85, and 8.86 innings per game, respectively. The major league average was 8.93 IP/G. The major league average has hovered between 8.90 and 8.93 since 2000.

Saturday, June 28, 2008

Designated Hitting Families

My dad came up with the idea for this post during last night's Brewers-Twins game. Prince Fielder, the son of former slugger Cecil Fielder, was Milwaukee's DH. Knowing Cecil often filled the DH role on his teams, my dad wondered which father and son had combined for the most games as a designated hitter.

Since the DH rule has only been around since 1973, there haven't been that many fathers and sons who could have both been designated hitters. There have been twenty-one fathers who spent at least one game at DH with twenty-five sons who also spent at least one game as a designated hitter. In addition, there are fourteen other families who had a father and son both play after 1973 but who didn't each spend time as a designated hitter. I'll list the fathers and sons who both spent time as a DH below first and then follow that with the combinations that didn't both DH. Note I've summed the three numbers for the families with two siblings that both were DH's.

Most Games as a DH for a Father/Son Combination
Through June 27, 2008

RankFather (DH Games)Son (DH Games)Total DH Games
1Hal McRae (1427)Brian McRae (19)1446
2
Cecil Fielder (535)Prince Fielder (11)546
3
Tom Grieve (195)Ben Grieve (105)300
4
Jerry Hairston, Sr. (125) Jerry Hairston, Jr. (33)
Scott Hairston (3)
161
5
Tim Raines, Sr. (131)Tim Raines, Jr. (5)136
6
Tony Perez (82)Eduardo Perez (50)132
7
Bobby Bonds (81)Barry Bonds (39)120
8
Gary Ward (101)Daryle Ward (14)115
9
Ken Griffey, Sr. (14)Ken Griffey, Jr. (74)88
10
Sandy Alomar, Sr. (30)Roberto Alomar (25)
Sandy Alomar, Jr. (14)
69
11Gary Matthews, Sr. (39)Gary Matthews, Jr. (22)61
12Dave May (23)Derrick May (11)34
13
Buddy Bell (24)David Bell (1)
Mike Bell (0)
25
14Dave Duncan (10)Shelley Duncan (10)
Chris Duncan (4)
24
15Tony Gwynn, Sr. (15)Tony Gwynn, Jr. (1)16
16Dennis Werth (12)Jayson Werth (3)15
17Jose Cruz, Sr. (12)Jose Cruz, Jr. (2)14
18Bob Boone (1)Bret Boone (4)
Aaron Boone (2)
7
19Johnny Jeter (3)Shawn Jeter (3)6
20
Fred Kendall (2)Jason Kendall (3)5
21Ed Crosby (1)Bobby Crosby (2)3

Of the sons on this list, only eleven haven't played so far this season. In fact, Daryle Ward is playing as a DH for the Cubs while I post this so his number is already out of date. That's why there's a "Through June 27, 2008" up on top, though. :)

As promised, the families who have played since the start of the 1973 season that didn't manage to have both generations DH (yet) are as follows:
  • Felipe and Moises Alou
  • Jesse and Josh Barfield
  • Jeff and Sean Burroughs
  • Jerry and Jeff DaVanon
  • Bill and Brandon Fahey
  • Randy and Todd Hundley
  • Don and Keith Kessinger
  • Clyde and Damon Mashore
  • Dave and Cody McKay
  • Manny, Andy, and Jose Mota
  • Tony Pena, Sr. and Tony Pena, Jr.
  • Pete Rose, Sr. and Pete Rose, Jr.
  • Steve and Nick Swisher
  • John and Dusty Wathan

Friday, April 18, 2008

Team Scoreless Streaks and SHO%

Last weekend, regular reader Ken alerted me to the fact the Royals hadn't scored in 26 innings (they scored in the first inning the next day). He noted that he didn't think this was a record for them but thought it might be an interesting topic for a post. I thought that was a good idea and looked up the Royals record (32 innings from July 5 through July 9, 2004). Unfortunately, the numbers for other teams were harder to figure out, at least the way I was approaching the task, so I decided to look up a couple other shutout-related team numbers.

First up is the longest streak of consecutive games in which each MLB team has been shut out since 1956. I've also noted the frequency of that number of consecutive games for each team and the dates of the most recent such stretch of games.

Consecutive Games Shut Out For Each MLB Team, 1956-2007

TeamGamesFrequencyStartEnd
Arizona Diamondbacks245/29/20045/30/2004
Atlanta Braves415/8/19855/12/1985
Baltimore Orioles317/29/19577/31/1957
Boston Red Sox334/27/19814/29/1981
Chicago Cubs424/27/19925/1/1992
Chicago White Sox347/21/19687/24/1968
Cincinnati Reds314/18/19894/21/1989
Cleveland Indians356/12/19916/14/1991
Colorado Rockies247/21/20077/22/2007
Detroit Tigers349/29/199510/1/1995
Florida Marlins266/21/20056/22/2005
Houston Astros429/9/19669/11/1966
Kansas City Royals317/5/20047/7/2004
Los Angeles Angels316/24/19786/26/1978
Los Angeles Dodgers338/5/20078/8/2007
Milwaukee Brewers315/3/19725/6/1972
Minnesota Twins419/19/19589/22/1958
New York Mets337/25/19927/27/1992
New York Yankees337/27/19757/28/1975
Oakland Athletics349/9/19799/12/1979
Philadelphia Phillies375/20/19835/24/1983
Pittsburgh Pirates338/28/19688/30/1968
San Diego Padres337/5/19767/7/1976
San Francisco Giants336/23/19926/25/1992
Seattle Mariners2237/21/20077/22/2007
St. Louis Cardinals3210/2/197610/3/1976
Tampa Bay Rays244/28/20044/29/2004
Texas Rangers419/1/19649/5/1964
Toronto Blue Jays328/24/19908/26/1990
Washington Nationals334/13/20044/15/2004

That table might not have been particularly thrilling. I do think it's interesting how the Mariners have hit two games in a row so often but never quite made it to three in a row. While I was looking up shutout data, I decided to check out the number of times shut out and total games played for each franchise since 1956. Obviously expansion teams have played fewer games and many have the advantage of playing in more run-friendly era for most of their existence, but it should be interesting nonetheless.

Times Shut Out and Games Played, 1956-2007

TeamTimes
Shut Out
Total Games
Played
SHO%
New York Mets53073207.24
San Diego Padres44761947.22
Washington Nationals43761887.06
Los Angeles Angels52374876.99
Houston Astros50273296.85
Chicago Cubs54882576.64
Philadelphia Phillies54382536.58
Texas Rangers48774736.52
Pittsburgh Pirates53282486.45
Minnesota Twins52082546.30
Atlanta Braves51882486.28
Los Angeles Dodgers51682586.25
Oakland Athletics51182566.19
Tampa Bay Rays10016176.18
Baltimore Orioles50582396.13
St. Louis Cardinals50582516.12
Kansas City Royals37661816.08
Cleveland Indians50182386.08
San Francisco Giants49682576.01
Chicago White Sox48682545.89
Detroit Tigers48282575.84
Florida Marlins13623635.76
Milwaukee Brewers35561895.74
New York Yankees46982525.68
Seattle Mariners27748995.65
Arizona Diamondbacks9016205.56
Toronto Blue Jays27149005.53
Cincinnati Reds45282535.48
Boston Red Sox44482515.38
Colorado Rockies11423684.81

Tuesday, January 15, 2008

Arms, Arms For the Poor?

Quick fact of the day: the 1915 Philadelphia Athletics used a staggering (and record-setting) twenty-four different starting pitchers in a 154-game season. Unsurprisingly, the team stank (43-109!). Of course, this was the first season after Connie Mack sold off most of the good players on his contending squads, blaming rising salaries; the next season the team would go 36-117, good for a .235 winning percentage. Not many middle infielders from that era can say they had a higher batting average than their team's winning percentage, but the A's had two: 41-year-old Nap Lajoie at second (.246) and Whitey Witt at short (.245). Anyway, enough prattling about the horrific 1916 squad: back to the 1915 pitchers.

The Shuffling Twenty-Four
(1915 AL ERA: 2.93 - stats reflect player's time on the Athletics' roster.)

  • Weldon Wyckoff (43 G, 34 GS, 10-22, 3.52 ERA)
  • Rube Bressler* (32 G, 20 GS, 4-17, 5.20 ERA)
    • Later went on to be a pretty good left fielder for the Reds in the 1920's.
  • Joe Bush (25 G, 18 GS, 5-15, 4.14 ERA)
  • Tom Knowlson (18 G, 9 GS, 4-6, 3.49 ERA)
    • 20 years old in his only MLB season.
  • Bud Davis (18 G, 2 GS, 0-2, 4.05 ERA)
    • 19 years old in his only season.
  • Bob Shawkey (17 G, 13 GS, 6-6, 4.05 ERA)
    • Traded to the Yankees for $3,500 during the season, he went on to pitch well in pinstripes, finishing with a 196-150 career record.
  • Tom Sheehan (15 G, 13 GS, 4-9, 4.15 ERA)
  • Herb Pennock* (11 G, 8 GS, 3-6, 5.32 ERA)
    • Selected off waivers by the Red Sox, Pennock now is enshrined in an obscure museum in a nondescript New York town.
  • Jack Nabors (10 G, 7 GS, 0-5, 5.50 ERA)
    • Old man of the staff at 27, Nabors would be given more of a chance in 1916, going 1-20 with a 3.47 ERA. His Baseball-Reference.com sponsor says it all: "There are bad pitchers, and there are unlucky pitchers, and then there are men who were neither: they were just cursed to pitch on horrendous Philadelphia teams, the poor souls."
  • Cap Crowell (10 G, 8 GS, 2-6, 5.47 ERA)
  • Dana Fillingim (8 G, 4 GS, 0-5, 3.43 ERA)
  • Bruno Haas* (6 G, 2 GS, 0-1, 11.93 ERA)
    • Boon Haas never made it back to the majors.
  • Harry Eccles* (5 G, 1 GS, 0-1, 4.71 ERA)
    • Five career games was enough for him to be saddled with the nickname "Bugs."
  • Bill Morrisette (4 G, 1 GS, 2-0, 1.35 ERA)
    • Morrisette had the most wins with no losses on the team.
  • Walter Ancker (4 G, 1 GS, 0-0, 3.57 ERA)
    • Out of baseball at the age of 22 after the season.
  • Chick Davies* (4 G, 2 GS, 1-2, 8.80 ERA)
    • Things got so bad reserve outfielder Davies had to start some games. Oddly, he appeared again in the big leagues with the Giants as a reliever ten years later.
  • Jack Richardson (3 G, 3 GS, 0-1, 2.63 ERA)
  • Harry Weaver (2 G, 2 GS, 0-2, 3.00 ERA)
  • Joe Sherman (2 G, 1 GS, 1-0, 2.40 ERA)
    • Though the 24-year-old Sherman was done in the majors after the season, he lived until the age of 97.
  • Carl Ray* (2 G, 1 GS, 0-1, 4.91 ERA)
  • Tink Turner (1 G, 1 GS, 0-1, 22.50 ERA)
    • ...and thus he faded into baseball obscurity.
  • Elmer Myers (1 G, 1 GS, 1-0, 0.00 ERA)
    • What a game! He had 12 strikeouts to go with his five walks and two hits allowed.
  • Bill Meehan (1 G, 1 GS, 0-1, 11.25 ERA)
    • Like Turner, he was done after the game.
  • Bob Cone (1 G, 1 GS, 0-0, 40.50 ERA)
    • Cone didn't even last an inning in his only career game, but at least his teammates came back to give him a no-decision.
There were only three pitchers on the staff who didn't start any games (not really a surprise given the time period, but still).
  • Jack Harper - appeared in three games during April, finished two, and never pitched in the bigs again. He was 21.
  • Squiz Pullion* - the curiously nicknamed Cecil Pullion pitched in two games within a week during August before his career was over.
  • Bob Pepper - five innings of effectively wild (4 BB and 1 HBP) one-run relief on July 23 gave him a career 1.80 ERA.
The staff totals: 154 GS (two ties/rainouts/suspended games?), 43-109, 4.23 ERA (last in the league). They tied the sixth-place Browns for fewest shutouts with 6 and managed to walk 2.3 more batters per game than the rest of the league (5.4 to 3.1). The team's ERA+ (ratio of the league to the team) was a sad 68. For some sort of perspective, Jason Jennings (6.45 ERA in the NL) and Robinson Tejeda (6.61 ERA in the AL) had a 68 ERA+ in 2007. The 1915 A's pitching staff was truly a sad-sack staff.

The 1916 squad used fewer starters despite their worse record - only fourteen different pitchers took the mound to start the game for the team. Of those, six weren't on the team the previous year, so over two seasons, the Athletics used thirty different starting pitchers. Crazy days in Philly, I guess.

* - left-handed

Monday, January 14, 2008

Noble First Basemen?

What could be more noble than sacrificing a chance on offense to move a runner over (and generally lowering your chances of scoring)? Well, it doesn't really impact your batting line so I guess it's not very noble after all. In any case, it's become more and more rare to see first basemen square around to bunt a runner over. Most of this is because first base has become the defensive position of an awkwardly-mobile slugging type on almost every team. I would guess the drop in sacrifices from the early twentieth century through today plays a role, too, though that drop isn't so dramatic if you look only after World War II.

For some initial visual fun, let's take a look at a chart of the number of full-time first basemen with one or more sacrifices during each season. Full-time in this case is defined to be players who appeared in 50 or more games during the season and who played first base in 80% or more of them. I hope to avoid the scrappy, utility player types by setting such stringent requirements. On to the picture!


(click to enlarge in a new window)

I think the spike in 1978 is pretty interesting, but overall there's a general downward trend as time goes on. In 2002, only two full-time first basemen had a sacrifice hit: Scott Spiezio (3 SH) of the Angels and Tino Martinez (1) of the Cardinals.

That's kind of a segue to look at sacrifice hits by first basemen as a whole. Prior to 1931, every full-time first baseman had at least one sacrifice hit each season: Dale Alexander in 1931 was the first one to go an entire season without sac bunting (successfully, at least). Consider that it took Lou Gehrig until 1934 to do the same thing.

A decent way to look at the amount of sacrifice hits by first basemen is to look at the sum of all the plate appearances by full-time first basemen divided by the sacrifice hits by all of them. The higher the rate, the less sacrifice hitting by first basemen in MLB. Here's the chart from 1901 to 2007:


(click to enlarge in a new window)

Obviously, sacrifice hitting has gone way down in recent years. The 1998 season especially stands out: in 16414 plate appearances, full-time first basemen had all of three sacrifice hits for a rate of 5471.3 PA/SH. The lowest rate since 1901 was 1909's 27.7 PA/SH when first basemen had 297 SH in 8217 PA.

Just so it's possible to see the variations in the early part of the 20th century a little better, I've shortened the chart to show only 1901-1997.


(click to enlarge in a new window)

That shows the variations in years prior to 1998 a lot better. Even considering the lack of home runs in the deadball era, it's interesting how it took ten years for managers to stop giving their first basemen the bunt sign (at least as often as before).

EDIT (1/15): Fixed a few grammatical errors and made sure clicking on the images actually opened them in a new window rather than the current one. Also, a thank you goes out to Midwest Diamond Report for linking!

Saturday, January 12, 2008

Tough Catchers?

A few years ago I was reading some baseball book that argued a certain catcher from the very early part of the 20th century should be included in the Hall of Fame because, among other things, they played in a large number of games when catchers generally didn't hold up that well over a season. The names, perhaps, aren't that important, but I wondered how true it was that catchers have progressively played in more games over time. It makes sense this might be true because of the improvement in protective equipment and general fitness.

Of course, to actually see a change in catchers' ability to play through a whole season, it's necessary to make the playing field fair, as it were. Obviously a starting catcher today will have a chance to play in more games even before the season starts since much of the 20th century was played with eight (or more) fewer games per season per team. Thus after finding the average games played (detailed below), I adjusted it to a 162-game season by dividing that average by the average number of games played per team (total league games divided by number of teams) and multiplying by 162.

So, how then did I find the average games played by catchers? First, taking everyone who played as a catcher obviously will skew the numbers. I wasn't that interested in seeing how, say, the third-string catchers throughout the league did. Instead, I wanted to focus on starting catchers since they have the greatest opportunity to play in many games and teams usually have an incentive to keep them in the lineup (one extreme: dropping off from Johnny Bench to Bill Plummer is no fun). In order to try and grab these starting catchers from teams without having to look up every team every year, I decided to search for games played by catchers sorted from greatest to least and take the top eight (or ten, or twelve, etc.) from there based on how many teams played in each league that season. I then combined the lists to find the MLB average (and, for what it's worth, I even remembered to include the Federal League at the last minute!). Finally, I wasn't all that interested in players like Jimmie Foxx in 1935 or 1940 - sure, he played in 147 and 144 games in each season, respectively, but the bulk of that time was at first base. To make sure I got only full-time catchers and, in an attempt to avoid part-time DH's), I looked only at players who appeared in 80% or more of their games at catcher. It's kind of arbitrary and I may have missed someone who played in a lot of games but only 78% of them as a catcher, but I doubt there were many cases of that. Each season had a lot of high numbers of games played by catchers, so I would guess most starting catchers made it on to my list somehow.

There's bound to be some errors in this; I didn't take the time to rigorously search every team to see who their starter was or to verify they didn't use their catchers as pinch-hitters very much. In any event, this should show the general trend of playing time for catchers since the AL started in 1901.

Here is the AL starting catchers chart:

(click to enlarge in a new window)

There's an interesting jump in games starting in the mid-1910's and a slight dip in the 1940's before the average stabilizes around 115. Note the dark black lines in each of these charts are a moving average for the previous 10 seasons. The blue line is the number of games played for the catcher in the league who spent the most time in the lineup.

Take a gander at the NL chart:

(click to enlarge in a new window)

The NL has seen less jumping around than the AL over the years. There was a slight bump in the 1930's, but not really to the degree the AL saw in the 1910's and 1920's. Otherwise, there was a steady increase of in games played until leveling off between 115-120 games per year.

Finally, here is the chart for both leagues (and, for 1914 and 1915, the Federal League):

(click to enlarge in a new window)

The bump in each league can be seen in the late 1910's and 1930's. The 1970's and early 1980's saw a slight increase before scaling back to the same level the average has been at since the 1950's. I think it's fair to say catchers play more now than they did in the early part of the 20th century, but that early part doesn't last as long as I figured it did. Looking at the MLB chart, the 10-season average was near the present-day level as early as 1925.

Saturday, December 8, 2007

Most Career Games Played, Zero Runs Scored

Much like getting a run batted in, if you play long enough you will score a run in a major league game. I want to look at the position players who appeared in the most games without scoring a run. I'm going to exclude pitchers because relievers or AL pitchers since 1973 can rack up far more games than any position player.

Most Career Games Played, Zero Runs Scored Since 1901
* - active player